Scientists now are studying a new approach, called phytoremediation, which capitalizes on the ability of certain green plants to decontaminate the soil or water. The soil is agitated in a purifying water solution containing interface active agent, then separated from the oils. Phytoremediation is a type of bioremediation in which plants are used to degrade or immobilize contaminants in soil or water to mitigate the effects of toxic pollutants. Jatropha has now emerged as a plant that can be exploited for phytoremediation. Plants that remove contaminants from the environment.
Prior to phytoremediation field trials, extensive research was performed in laboratories and greenhouses. After that, bioremediation is started to efficiently clean the soil. Phytoremediation, or the use of plants to remediate contaminated soils and water environments, has recently become an area of intense study. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils and groundwater. Cdii and pbii were used to form the inorganic contaminant, while used engine oil was selected to form the organic contaminant. This technology has been receiving attention lately as an innovative, costeffective alternative to the more established treatment methods. Biological methods can be further classified into bioremediation and phytoremediation.
Over the past few decades there has been avid interest in developing in situ strategies for remediation of environmental contaminants. The use of plants and associated microorganisms to remove, contain, inactivate, or degrade harmful environmental contaminants generally termed phytoremediation and to revitalize contaminated sites is gaining more and more attention. Concordia university, 2012 this study investigated the application of surfactants and chelates to enhance the removal of mixed contaminants cd ii, pb ii and used engine oil from a sandy soil cultivated with indian mustard plants. Consequently, erosion of the spoil heaps by wind and water. Herbs usually grasses, eventually shrubs or trees, establish on landfills or tailings, are used to minimize the infiltration of rain water, and contain the spread of pollutants. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to clean up or remediate contaminated soil, sludges, sediments, and ground water through contaminant removal. A hybrid phytoremediation system for contaminants in.
Pdf w links258k add to acs chemworx sponsored access overview. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to partially or substantially remediate selected contaminants in contaminated soil, sludge, sediment, ground water, surface water, and waste water. In addition to decreased input, the higher rates of mixing and dissipation of contaminants in air and water allow the environmental footprint of contaminants to rapidly fade. Phytoremediation is a recently developed technology that offers a costeffective solution by using plants, and associated soil microbes, to reduce the content, or toxic effects, of contaminants in. Plants have a more direct effect on contaminant levels via phytoextraction, which concentrates contaminants e. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals.
Jul 14, 2011 tests were conducted to study the influence of nonionic surfactants triton x100 and tween 80 on the removal of mixed contaminants from a sandy soil using phytoremediation. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals medcrave. High concentrations of contaminants roughly 5% or more. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with metals and. The plants are then planted in the contaminated area where the roots take up the water and the contaminants along with it. Also explore the seminar topics paper on phytoremediation with abstract or synopsis, documentation on advantages and disadvantages, base paper presentation slides for ieee final year chemical engineering chem or ieee chemical btech, be, mtech students for the year 2015 2016. Phytoremediation of organic contaminants in soil and. Petroleum contaminated soil does not appear to be toxic to plants or invertebrates. Many chapters highlight and compare the efficiency and economic advantages of phytoremediation to currently practiced soil and water treatment practices. Contaminants that are highly water soluble may leach outside the root. Considerations for design of a phytoremediation system are introduced.
Pivetz background the epa regional ground water forum is a group. The term phytoremediation refers to a number of technologies that use photoautotrophic vascular plants for the remediation of sites. The impact of vegetation is related to the aging of the contaminants. The use of phytoremediation to cleanup organic contamination is widely accepted and more is being implemented at numerous sites. Phytoremediation, an emerging cleanup technology for contaminated soils, groundwater, and wastewater that is both lowtech and lowcost, is defined as the engineered use of green plants including. Management of environmental contaminants provides the capstone of the series. Nov 24, 2019 for this paper, phytoremediation is defined as the remediation of environmental media surface water, groundwater, soil using plants. Phytoremediation, a strategy that uses plants to degrade, stabilize, andor remove soil contaminants, has been extensively investigated. Phytoremediation of mixed soil contaminants springerlink. Study on application of phytoremediation technology in. Phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground water at. These approaches differ in purposes and goals, which can be remediation, detoxification, management of water movement, and leaching of contaminants, containment, and stabilization.
To acclimate the plants once a large root system has been developed, contaminated water is collected from a waste site and brought to the plants where it is substituted for their water source. Contaminants in this water are metabolized by plant enzymes, and vaporized together with water or simply sequestered in plant tissues 3,34. Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges reducing the impact of contaminants in soils, water, or air. Phytoremediation of heavy metalcontaminated soil by. Great efforts have been made in the last two decades to reduce pollution sources and remedy the polluted soil and water resources. Contaminants that are highly water soluble may leach outside the root zone and require containment. Trees and grasses act as a solar pump removing water from soils and aquifers through transpiration. Pdf phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground. Phytoremediation of soil containing mixed contaminants ramin memarian, ph. It utilizes a variety of plant biological processes and the physical characteristics of plants to aid in site remediation. Huang plantbased remediation techniques are showing increasing promise for use in soils contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants.
This technology has been receiving attention lately as an innovative, costeffective alternative to the more established treatment methods used at hazardous waste sites. Use of compost for phytoremediation of postindustrial sites contaminated with heavy metals or in green stormwater infrastructure sites e. Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soil and water in. The indian mustard brassica juncea plant was the plant chosen for phytoremediation of the. Through these types of change, contaminant loading to water and air has generally decreased. Phytoextraction involves the use of plants to remove contaminants from. Major foci have been on persistent organic chemicals and metals. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology for the clean.
Contamination exists in mixed water, surface soils, subsurface soils. Phytoremediation of cd contaminated soil and water 3 phytoremediation was carried out, and it was found that this technique is more cost effective than other treatment techniques, such as ion. Therefore, each phytotechnology project must be designed, approved, and installed with. A plant has a potential for accumulating, immobilizing, and transforming a low level of persistent contaminants. Phytoremediation of cdcontaminated soil and water 3 phytoremediation was carried out, and it was found that this technique is more cost effective than other treatment techniques, such as ion. Explore phytoremediation with free download of seminar report and ppt in pdf and doc format. Dec 24, 2007 environmental pollution affects the quality of pedosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere and biosphere.
United states environmental protection i agency office of research and development office of solid waste and emergency response epa540s01500 february 2001 vepa ground water issue qshs9 us epa office of researcn aid development phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground water at hazardous waste sites bruce e. Phytoremediation of soil and water contaminants acs. Anderson rhizosphere ecology of xenobioticdegrading microorganisms david e. It designates all vegetation based remediation measures. Phytoremediation and rhizoremediation of organic soil. A method to extract and treat complex mixtures of contaminants of concern using phytotechnology is proposed in this paper. When we need to persevere in our surface water, ground water and restoration of soil quality, this technology is best suited for this purpose. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses various plants to degrade, extract, contain, or immobilize contaminants from soil and water. The rapid buildup of toxic pollutants metals, radionuclide, and organic contaminants in soil, surface water, and ground water not only affects natural resources, but also causes major strains on ecosystems. Phytoremediation is a set of ecological strategies that utilizes plants, in situ, to promote the breakdown, immobilization, and removal of pollutants from the environment 1,2,3. Gilbert aromatic nitroreduction of acifluorfen in soils, rhizospheres, and pure cultures of rhizobacteria robert m. The transfer of metals to man can occur through the ground inhalation and ingestion of dust, food, water, air or skin result of dermal absorption of contaminants from soil and water. Evaluation of phytoremediation for management of chlorinated solvents in soil and groundwater. Heavy metal contamination of soil and water due to agricultural and industrial activities is a matter of serious concern, which ultimately reaches humans in the food chain.
Utility of jatropha for phytoremediation of heavy metals and. Tests were conducted to study the influence of nonionic surfactants triton x100 and tween 80 on the removal of mixed contaminants from a sandy soil using phytoremediation. A specific case study is described wherein a hybrid phytoremediation system is compared and contrasted with conventional groundwater and phytoremediation technologies. Abstractphytoremediation is an emerging and ecofriendly green engineering technology that utilizes the natural properties of plants to remediate contaminated soils, water and sediments. Phytoremediation, the use of green plants to treat and control wastes in water, soil, and air, is an important part of the new field of ecological engineering. Phytoremediation and bioremediation of pesticidecontaminated soil. Summary and outlook phytoremediation of petroleum contaminants phytoremediation of petroleum contaminated soils has been successfully tested in the field. Developing phytoremediation as a remedial strategy for organic contaminants. Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils and water.
This text details the plantassisted remediation method, phytoremediation, which involves the interaction of plant roots and associated rhizospheric microorganisms for the remediation of soil contaminated with high levels of metals, pesticides, solvents, radionuclides, explosives, crude oil, organic compounds and various other contaminants. Phytoremediation management of environmental contaminants. The plants to be used for cleanup are raised in greenhouses with their roots in water rather than in soil. Bioremediation applies microorganisms especially bacteria and fungi to remove soil contaminants or break them down into harmless compounds via, for instance mineralization during which contaminants are used to produce carbon and energy 17. Phytoremediation of soils and water contaminated with. The sources of these heavy metals can be from botil point and nonpoint sources.
Phytoremediation of toxic elementspolluted water and soils by. Phytoremediation phyto means plant is a generic term for the group of technologies that use plants for remediating soils, sludges, sediments and water contaminated with organic and inorganic contaminants. Phytoremediation is an emerging bioremediation technology that uses the plant to remove contaminants from soil and water. Ten years ago there was a realization that the root zone of plants was special with respect to its capacity for biotransformation of organic molecules. Phytoremediation uses the plants natural ability to extract chemicals from water, soil, and air less intrusive and more aestheticallypleasing cheaper easier to monitor plant and chemical soil stabilization carbon sequestration usable product biofuel, wood. Phytoremediation of soil containing mixed contaminants. The rhizosphere, as it was named, has since been studied for its important role in nutrient. Constructed wetlands case studies for the treatment of water polluted with fuel and oil hydrocarbons. It is inexpensive, it seems to be effective, it is in situ, and it is green flathman and lanza 1998, schnoor et al. Phytoremediation may be applied to polluted soil or static water environment.
Taken together, the five volumes provide a broadbased global synopsis of the. As agriculture has as its primary goal the maintenance of soil quality, many of its techniques may have applicability for soil remediation. Rhizofiltration rhizofiltration is the adsorption or precipitation onto plant roots or absorption into the roots of contaminants that are in solution surrounding the root zone. The remediation technologies development forum phytoremediation of organics action team, chlorinated solvents workgroup. These processes and their associated mechanisms are as follows. Soils are one of the place where contaminants are released. Phytoremediation applications can be designed to capture contaminated groundwater plumes to prevent offsite migration andor decrease downward migration of contaminants, as illustrated in fig. Phytoremediation is performed through a number of processes, working singly or in combination. The uptake, accumulation and degradation of contaminants vary from plant to plant. Pdf phytoremediation of cdcontaminated soil and water. Phytoremediation of petroleum contaminants phytoremediation of petroleum contaminated soils has been successfully tested in the field. Soil contamination by various inorganic and organic compounds has been a worldwide concern, and phytoremediation has benn received increasing attention for.
Phytoremediation types of phytoremediation notes pdf. The plant is able to survive on degraded land, often poor and fragile soils. Application of floating aquatic plants in phytoremediation of. Phytoremediation, the use of living plants to cleanup contaminated soils, sediments, surface water and groundwater, is an emerging technology that may be applicable to the problem.
Phytoremediation of soil and water contaminants ebook, 1997. Pdf phytoremediation of contaminated soils and groundwater. In situ and ex situ applications are governed by site soil and water characteristics, nutrient sustainability, meteorology, hydrology, feasible ecosystems, and contaminant. The use of phytoremediation to cleanup organic contamination is widely accepted and more. Utility of jatropha for phytoremediation of heavy metals. Interest in phytoremediation as a method to solve environmental contamination has been growing rapidly in recent years. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology for remediating brownfields, landfills and other contaminated sites.
Soil texture, ph, salinity, pollutant concen trations and the presence of other toxins must be within the limits ofplant tolerance. Preface of phytoremediation of soil and water contaminants. Evaluation of phytoremediation for management of chlorinated solvents in soil and groundwater prepared by. Phytoremediation of organic contaminants in soils request pdf. There are five basic types of phytoremediation techniques. Phytoremediation can be defined as the efficient use of plants to remove, detoxify or immobilise environmental contaminants in a growth matrix soil, water or sediments through. Pdf phytoremediation and bioremediation of pesticide. Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with petroleum. This word is from the greek language, and it refers to restoring contaminated sites through plants. For treatment of heavy metal pollution in the water, some plants have great ability to accumulate heavy metals such as vetiveria zizanioides, phragmites australis. A special advantage of phytoremediation compared to other techniques is that soil functioning is maintained and life in soil is reactivated. Evaluation of phytoremediation for management of chlorinated. Phytoremediation of soils and water contaminated with toxic. Phytoremediation seminar report, ppt, pdf for chemical.
Phytoremediation processes of contaminated soils phytoremediation processes rely on the ability of plants to take up andor metabolize pollutants to less toxic substances. It can be used to detoxify sites containing metals, pesticides, solvents, explosives, crude oil, hydrocarbons, and landfill leachates. Phytoremediation of soil and water contaminants ebook. Toxicological effects of metals to humans, particularly of cd, zn, hg. The indian mustard brassica juncea plant was the plant chosen for. Phytoremediation is an economical, no generation of secondary waste, and ecofriendly 12, in that it uses living plants for in situ removal of contaminants from water and soil 3,1415. Each field application of a phytotechnology has a unique combination of soil, contaminants, and climate.
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